{"id":11955,"date":"2020-08-23T19:18:30","date_gmt":"2020-08-23T18:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.akhbarmamlaka.com\/?p=11955"},"modified":"2020-08-23T19:18:30","modified_gmt":"2020-08-23T18:18:30","slug":"les-strategies-de-la-gestion-dimmigration-et-de-lasile-au-maroc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.akhbarmamlaka.com\/?p=11955","title":{"rendered":"Les strat\u00e9gies de la gestion d’immigration et de l’asile au Maroc"},"content":{"rendered":"

Mariem M\u2019FARREDJ<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Doctorante en sociologie \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Mohammed V de Rabat.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La migration est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial, et ses r\u00e9percussions pr\u00e9occupent les institutions gouvernementales et les associations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile dans les pays d\u2019accueil.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Plusieurs facteurs ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 accentuer l\u2019attractivit\u00e9 du Maroc et de le rendre un pays de destination pour les migrants. Nous citons essentiellement sa position g\u00e9ographique \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l\u2019Europe ainsi que l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 des pays voisins souffrant de la guerre, de la famine et de la pauvret\u00e9, ce qui pousse des milliers de leurs habitants \u00e0 migrer vers notre pays en recherche d\u2019une vie meilleure.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Maroc abrite aujourd\u2019hui un nombre important des migrants, particuli\u00e8rement de l\u2019Afrique Subsaharienne et du\u00a0 Monde Arabe en qu\u00eate de stabilit\u00e9 et d\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale. Le pays est \u00e9galement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un abri temporaire pour traverser \u00e0 la rive nord de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, leur permettant, ainsi, de r\u00e9aliser le r\u00eave d’atteindre l’Europe.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Aujourd\u2019hui, le Maroc rencontre divers probl\u00e8mes en mati\u00e8re de gestion de la migration, notamment la probl\u00e9matique d\u2019int\u00e9gration\u00a0que ce soit la formation, la r\u00e9adaptation, l\u2019emploi ou encore la qu\u00eate des moyens efficaces et ad\u00e9quats pour les int\u00e9grer dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 marocaine.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Le Maroc a fait le choix de passer d’une approche s\u00e9curitaire \u00e0 une approche plut\u00f4t humaine et sociale. A partir de ce pas, il serait int\u00e9ressant de savoir comment les strat\u00e9gies marocaines de gestion de l\u2019immigration et de l’asile ont-elles fonctionn\u00e9 ?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Suivant les rapports politiques nationaux sur l\u2019immigration et asile des ann\u00e9es 2016- 2017- 2018, on peut dire que la strat\u00e9gie nationale du Maroc s\u2019int\u00e9resse \u00e0 int\u00e9grer les immigrants et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s apr\u00e8s avoir r\u00e9gl\u00e9 leur statut pour la premi\u00e8re \u00e9tape en 2014, conform\u00e9ment aux directives de Sa Majest\u00e9 (entre 2013 et 2016) par la cr\u00e9ation d’une sous-commission charg\u00e9e d’\u00e9couter et d’enregistrer les demandeurs d’asile, pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration des immigrants[1]<\/sup><\/a> r\u00e9gularis\u00e9s, en leur fournissant des cartes en leurs noms, ce qui leur permet d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux droits fondamentaux[2]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Et en ce qui concerne les mesures strat\u00e9giques, le gouvernement marocain a adopt\u00e9 une strat\u00e9gie nationale en 2014, bas\u00e9e sur une approche humanitaire g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et int\u00e9gr\u00e9e, permettant aux immigrants, aux r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et aux demandeurs d’asile d\u2019acc\u00e9der aux services publics, tout type confondu. Il existe des programmes sp\u00e9ciaux qui permettent aux enfants des immigr\u00e9s de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de tous les services fournis par le minist\u00e8re de la Jeunesse et des Sports. En effet, la loi 02.03 de 2003, r\u00e9gule l’entr\u00e9e et le s\u00e9jour des \u00e9trangers sur le territoire national ainsi que l’immigration clandestine. Par ailleurs, la constitution de 2011 a soulign\u00e9 les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux relatifs aux droits et libert\u00e9s des individus que ce soit migrants ou citoyens.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

D\u2019apr\u00e8s ce qui pr\u00e9c\u00e8de, on admet qu’il existe un cadre l\u00e9gislatif, constitutionnel et une strat\u00e9gie nationale permettant aux migrants d’acc\u00e9der \u00e0 leurs droits fondamentaux.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

La question de la migration et de l’asile n\u00e9cessite un d\u00e9veloppement durable[3]<\/sup><\/a> pour Le droit des migrants et des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s afin de leur garantir l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019enseignement et l’\u00e9ducation et d\u2019\u00e9viter une discrimination \u00e0 leur \u00e9gard, et de faciliter leur int\u00e9gration et leur acc\u00e8s aux services de base, quelque soit leur statut administratif. Ceci leur permettra \u00e9galement de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des programmes \u00e9ducatifs,\u00a0des services m\u00e9dicaux gratuits comme RAMED, de profiter d’un soutien financier pour les projets encourageant la diversit\u00e9, la tol\u00e9rance et l’acceptation des autres cultures, et d\u2019acc\u00e9der directement \u00e0 tous les programmes de divertissement et de sport.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

En ce qui concerne l\u2019acc\u00e8s au logement, tout migrant poss\u00e9dant un document l\u00e9gal prouvant sa r\u00e9sidence, et dans le cadre de la modification de l’article 247 de la loi de finances de 2015, a le droit de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d\u2019un logement social comme c\u2019est le cas pour les marocains.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Quant \u00e0 l’assistance sociale et humanitaire et des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires, les acteurs de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile \u0153uvrent dans le cadre de la strat\u00e9gie nationale en partenariat avec le Croissant-Rouge Marocain qui a fourni une aide humanitaire aux migrants \u00e0 la fronti\u00e8re[4]<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Les jeunes migrants sont \u00e9galement le droit d’acc\u00e9der aux services de l\u2019ANAPEC et de l\u2019OFPPT.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Concernant le niveau de gestion des flux, il existe une strat\u00e9gie qui inclut des processus et programmes sp\u00e9cifiques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l’int\u00e9gration. Ce plan veille \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper des m\u00e9canismes de suivi en utilisant des moyens modernes au niveau de tous les postes frontaliers, permettant aux migrants de profiter du rapatriement librement consenti et les aider \u00e0 r\u00e9int\u00e9grer leur pays d’origine.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nous concluons que le profil migratoire du Maroc, riche et complexe, a particuli\u00e8rement \u00e9volu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Initialement consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u00e9tant un pays de passage ou de transit, le Maroc a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressivement reconnu comme \u00e9tant un pays de destination. Pour faire face \u00e0 ces nouveaux enjeux, le pays a entrepris depuis la r\u00e9forme constitutionnelle de 2011 un vaste chantier de r\u00e9forme de sa politique migratoire.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Depuis le lancement de la nouvelle politique migratoire en 2013, \u00abUne politique coh\u00e9rente, globale, humaniste et responsable\u00bb, de nombreuses avanc\u00e9es ont \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9es sur diff\u00e9rents niveaux. Le cadre l\u00e9gislatif du Royaume a \u00e9t\u00e9 revu afin de faire b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier les migrantes et les r\u00e9fugi\u00e9es \u00e0 un acc\u00e8s aux services publics et aux programmes nationaux dans les m\u00eames conditions que les citoyennes marocaines.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

[1]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Ce sont des migrants fuyant les guerres, les conflits arm\u00e9s et les pers\u00e9cutions, ainsi que les migrations climatiques.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Depuis un s\u00e9minaire parole de Minist\u00e8re d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du ministre des affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, de la coop\u00e9ration africaine et des marocains r\u00e9sidant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, charg\u00e9 des marocains r\u00e9sidant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger, dans le Forum national sur la strat\u00e9gie du Royaume du Maroc face au ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la migration, le 17 et 18 novembre 2017, \u00e0 T\u00e9touan.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[3]<\/sup><\/a> Conform\u00e9ment aux dix-sept objectifs de l’Agenda 2030, dans la politique marocaine de d\u00e9veloppement sur une p\u00e9riode de 15 ans, parvenir \u00e0 une r\u00e9conciliation entre les nouveaux objectifs de d\u00e9veloppement durable et les trois dimensions du d\u00e9veloppement durable; Comme indiqu\u00e9 dans le Forum international de migration et d\u00e9veloppement, organis\u00e9 par Minist\u00e8re d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du Ministre des Affaires \u00c9trang\u00e8res, de la Coop\u00e9ration Africaine et des Marocains r\u00e9sidant \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tranger et GFMD, le 5-7, Marrakech.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

[4]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0 Sur le cite web du Croissant-Rouge Marocain programme Le r\u00e9tablissement des liens familiaux au Maroc<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>https:\/\/familylinks.icrc.org\/ar<\/span><\/strong>\/pages\/countries\/morocco.aspx<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mariem M\u2019FARREDJ Doctorante en sociologie \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9 Mohammed V de Rabat. \u00a0\u00a0 La migration est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial, et ses r\u00e9percussions pr\u00e9occupent les institutions gouvernementales et les associations de la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11958,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"_joinchat":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[87],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11955","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-87"],"yoast_head":"\nLes strat\u00e9gies de la gestion d'immigration et de l'asile au Maroc | \u0623\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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